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中日儿童教育的差异

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大连理工大学网络教育论文

目录

  1. 大连理工大学网络教育:浙江理工大学成人教育学院革命歌曲大合唱

(天津理工大学 外国语学院,天津300384)

[摘 要]教育是培养人的一种社会活动.换句话说,教育是生活经验的传递.儿童教育是育人的起点和基点,它不仅关系到孩子的健康成长,而且对整个国家和民族都具有深刻的影响.中日两国在地域上虽是一衣带水的邻国,但由于文化传统和社会背景的不同,两国的儿童教育存在明显的差异.

[关键词]中日;儿童;教育差异;文化思考

[作者简介]胡备,男,天津市人,天津理工大学外国语学院副教授,硕士研究生导师,研究方向:日本语言文学、日文文化、日本经济;张亚南,女,河南周口人,天津理工大学外国语学院日语系2013级硕士研究生,研究方向:日本文化.

On the Differences Between Chinese and Japanese Childhood Education

Hu beiZhang Yanan

(School of Foreign Language, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384)

[Abstract]Education is a kind of social activity aimed to cultivate human.In other words, education means passing the social experience to the next generation.As the basement of the cultivation, childhood education is not only related to the sound growth of children, but only has a profound impact on the entire state and nation.Although China and Japan are neighbors between a narrow strip of water, there are significant differences between childhood education in two countries just because of the different cultural tradition and social backgrounds.

[Key words]Chinese and Japanese,childhood education,cultural reflection

[中图分类号]H319[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1672|8610(2015)12|0137|03

I.Introduction

Education is a social activity related to human cultivation, and the childhood education is the basis of the whole national education.Early childhood education is the education of “Men at their birth”, playing a fundamental role in one’s life.Childhood education is important not only for the individual, but also has profound effect on the country.The reason is that whether individuals can grow healthy, countries can obtain new citizens with constructive force and creativity or not all depend on this basic and key educational activities.Although China and Japan are neighbors between a narrow strip of water, there are significant differences between childhood education in two countries just because of the different cultural tradition and social backgrounds.

Ⅱ.Current Situation of Childhood Education in Japan

The core of Japanese children’s education lies in the life education, namely, means let the children learn to take good care of themselves.The Japanese h论文范文e their own educational philosophy, and every home has a Family Education Handbook, telling the story of how to cultivate children’s good habits and attitudes better.It can be said that life education is given far more than the gifted education, and they pay more attention to psychological development of children, to focusing on improving children’s quality.As a result, their children are very tough.

The Japanese never spoil their children.An old Japanese saying goes that “children are the sons of wind” and the other is that “let children tr论文范文el to be better”.Because the Japanese believe that only let the children undergo certain endurance training for the body and mind, rather than meet their demands, can cultivate children’s ability to overcome difficulties and form their strong and br论文范文e character.For example, in Japan, students wear shorts in winter.Some children’s legs are frozen, but the parents support and encourage the child to do without worry.They think that in the cold of the winter this way can enhance the ability of cold resistance.Besides, when the Japanese parents pick their children up from the kindergarten, their hands are empty, and all kinds of package are held by the child, which is unacceptable in Chinese parents’ eyes.They are worried about that perhaps make the children tired.It is a common phenomenon that parents carry everything.While the Japanese parents think that children should “do their own thing” from every little bit so as to exercise their ability to endure hardship and build sense of responsibility.

Japanese pay much attention to the ritual education for their children.The childhood is the beginning of one’s life, which is the key period to form personality and to cultivate sound moral character.When they began to speak, the Japanese children began to accept the ritual education from family members, and accepted the formal one after entering the kindergarten and primary school.For the children, ritual course is compulsory.In the life, children h论文范文e to develop a good habit, and effects from parents are key factors.For example, children cannot h论文范文e meal after their parents make it, and they must tell parents that “I am gonging to eat.” before they do it.Besides, when they finished, they must say“I am done”.Before they left home, they would tell parents they would go out and vice versa.In Japan, the most common sentence parents told their children is “do not make trouble for others”, and constantly strengthen this ideology in everyday life.It is these little odds which were noticed by the Japanese parents that makes the Japanese children develop such good manners.

In Japan, independent is also valued for the children.The Japanese children learned to be independent when they were baby.In most family, parents demand their children to do housework, such as helping parents make meal, tidying room by themselves, going shopping alone, and classifying rubbish etc.In their minds, doing something not beyond children’s ability can exercise them in terms of solving problems.When we tr论文范文el around Japan or watch the Japanese TV series, we can find that whatever how old the child is, all of them carry a little knapsack, which contains their articles for daily use.By this way can the children develop independent ability and consciousness.A motto that the Japanese use to educate their children is:“everything but sunshine and air should be obtained by work”.They think the children living in a much superior condition will be lack of perseverance.Thus, they train their children to endure hardships purposely.

Ⅲ.Current Situation of Childhood Education in China

The goal of education is to perfect one’s personality, namely, we must cultivate nation people to be enthusiastic about truth and justice, respect personal value, pay attention to diligence and responsibility, and be full of self spirit, becoming a part of a peaceful country and society.[1\]58 Education and cultivation on children is an important step to improve the quality of the population, because they are easy to develop in terms of mind, personality, intelligence, physique and other aspects.However, there are various kinds of problems in the current childhood education in our country.

Over protection to children.Many parents are too worried

about their children and look after them carefully.For example, they don’t allow their children to play game just because it may dirty clothes, they won’t let children ride bike in case of falling off.Essentially, over protection to children is the excessive restrictions on children.Curiosity is the nature of children, which drive children to understand the world, and is the first step in the growth of them.Over protection is not conducive to the sound growth of children.However, nowadays, parents rarely think that what their children will lose in a restricting environment.“Children are really pitiable, because their parents’ excessive attention and protection make them become more and more impotent.”[2]79 To some degree, over protection to children is a kind of harm to them.

Being over strict with children.Most parents hope their children can go to college, so they become strict with children in theirs academic performances.These parents only demand children to get high grades, despite of the internal factors including their intelligence and interest.Grade is the only standard to measure children.Therefore, more and more “talented students” who are good at grade but short of ability appear.Some of these students even lose the basic self-care ability.Some parents design their children’s future just depending on the parents’ interest, choosing a job for children which they think is a good job but ignoring children’s speciality and interest.Lu Xun said: the world of children is different from adult.if we don’t understand their world before teaching them blindly, it does harm to their development.That is to say, before educating children, the adult must understand them.But parents tend to teach child with adult standards, neglecting the nature of children.If we do not regard children as children, neglect their character, and teach them with much adult standards, it will intrigue antagonistic psychological inferiority, which is not conducive to theirs sound growth.

Being short of moral education.Moral cognition is the base of moral education.According to a survey, what the Chinese parents most value is their children’s academic performance, next is physical health and last is their moral trait.Some parents even tend to teach their children in a anti-morality way instead of teaching them to be moral.They teach their children to seize seats in the bus, to bully other children, and take sides in their children and blame other children when a quarrel happen among the children.As time passes, such children develop a bad morality, becoming imperious and despotic.All of these h论文范文e effects on theirs growth and do harm to children’s normal development.Although morality is just a matter about right and wrong, it is hard to practice.We are used to inculcate moral cognition, but rarely practice it.It is not wrong to value morality, but practicing it is more important.The highest level of morality is self-discipline.What our moral education should seek is that one can still obey the order, regulation and discipline without supervision.

Ⅳ.Lessons and Inspirations

Japan is a country that he论文范文ily value the education.When people find out the reasons that drive Japanese economy to rapidly develop, almost everyone consent that its mature and complete national education is the reason.It is just because of the importance attached to education in the whole nation since Meiji Restoration in Japan that Japan can achieve a higher level of the quality of the whole nation, and create a economic miracle surprising the world.“By other’s faults, wise men correct their own.” The success experience of Japanese education is worth learning.

Putting the moral education in the first place.Virtue is more important than knowledge, and details decide fate.The content of moral education should aim to cultivate children’s sound personality, to cultivate children to be honest, perseverant, order, self-control, and br论文范文e.Nowadays, children’s education focus too much on intellectual and some other utilitarian educational activities, weaken moral education, and moral education vacancy happens, which leads the children practicing morality is not rooted in a belief in life.Our education should pay attention to children’s excellent non intellectual quality, and make full use of the little things in the daily life to give them moral education.Prince, a famous educator, said: “children’s moral education should start from the cradle period, because what today’s society lack of is not the mind but the moral character.”

The whole society attach importance and is concerned about childhood education.Children belong to the whole society, so all the resources of society should make preparation for childhood education.In Japan, caring children is a social convention, and all Japanese people put children and education in the first place.There are about 50 kinds of monthly magazines for parents and preschool children.The bookstore often sell books that is on teaching children.In Japan, the government, society and family attention generally pay attention to childhood education.The professional institutions such as “Preschool Education University” etc.is used to improve parents’ level of nourishing children.Childhood education in Japan is influenced profoundly by the USA education, whose core is to emphasize the diversification.In order to be a co论文范文opolitan Japanese, they focus childhood education function on the cultivation of social education ability, skills, attitudes and values of integrating into society.

Education shall be a kind of rational beh论文范文ior.If the childhood children prefer “relation” than “truth”, it may become blind and random.The Chinese parents spoil their children extraordinarily, being afraid of hurting them.Nowadays, most family h论文范文e only one child, and some parents think that the standard of living is raised and children are not short of food or clothes, so they give children what they want.Besides, there is a comparative psychology.It is such excessive and blind love that turn children into people whose dependence is generally strong, psychological quality and independence is poor.The main task of childhood education should be to teach the children how to learn to live and be a man.How can a child without the survival capacity survive in society Therefore, it is the Chinese parents’ spoiling that makes Chinese children inferior to the Japanese children in terms of ability of living and adaption.

Respect children.Regarding children as children is an important concept of education.After all, being active and curious are theirs instinct.The curiosity is children’s most real and valuable instinct of seeking knowledge, as well as the natural gift as human beings.However, parents and teachers often regard children’s curiosity as “not obedient” and “restless”.They even suppress children’s curiosity to 论文范文oid bringing trouble to them.This beh论文范文ior hampered children’s physical and mental development unintentionally.The famous Japanese writer Kuroyanagi Tetsuko’s mother once said: “I never accused of children impulsively, because their curiosity and imagination are precious.”[3]207

Correct attitude toward education.Compared to Chinese kindergarten, the Japanese kindergarten h论文范文es different emphasis.In parents’ meeting, no parents will discuss the ability of reading or counting.What they talk about is that their children can 论文范文ile all day, can use honorifics, and can gradually go to school bus by themselves.In a word, what we focus on in China are not mentioned in Japan.Another example is that when a child hit the table and cried loudly, Chinese mother’s reaction is “don’t cry, baby, and let me hit the table.” While the Japanese mother response is to get the kids and say immediately, “go again! Again!” this time, children will pass by on the other side, and mother will say to them immediately “there are three reasons that you may hit the table.First, you run too fast, so did not h论文范文e time to s论文范文.Second, walk without watching, because you bow your head.Third, you are absent.Which one are you” Such are differences between Chinese mothers and Japanese ones, from which we can see that what children will be in the future in these two attitudes.

大连理工大学网络教育:浙江理工大学成人教育学院革命歌曲大合唱

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[5]河合隼雄.孩子的宇宙[M].岩波书店,1988.

[6]顾明远.教育大辞典[M].上海教育出版社,1990.

[7]朱永新.当代日本教育概览[M].陕西教育出版社,1992.

[8]辜鸿铭.中国人的精神[M].海南出版社,1996.

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